The first suicide bomber was the Knights Templar destroyed one of their own ships during the Crusades,killing 140 Christians in order to kill ten times as many Muslims. Another early example of suicide bombing occurred during the Belgian Revolution, when the Dutch Lieutenant Jan van Speijk detonated his own ship in the harbour of Antwerp to prevent being captured by the Belgians.
Modern suicide bombing as just a political tool can be traced back to the assassination of Czar Alexander II of Russia in 1881.

If you have time I urge you to read " The Logic of Suicide Terrorism" by Robert Pape