with a new instrument
when a specified time period is elapsed
when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed
when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration
whenever observations appear questionable
#13 Calibration? :)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration
Calibration can be called for:
with a new instrument
when a specified time period is elapsed
when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed
when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration
whenever observations appear questionable