What you say about the temp licence is only true of certain countries...ie "White First World" licences, and even that depends on who you deal with. Once the residence visa process has started, even for WFW licences, the temp licence is no longer available.

I can assure you that American International Licences pass muster with the traffic police...anyway the American one does. International licences from Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, even Singapore, are not respected here, nor are 'other' Arab countries' licences like Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, etc

From our personal experience the American International licence allows you to drive while you are processing the Qatari licence, which can take 6 months or more. Ask a reputable car rental company, or your own car insurance company if you don't believe me.