I will try and answer your questions in order.;

1) As much as you can. I recommend at least what it costs you to live for 3 months and than some. Also make sure you have a return plane ticket.

2)Sometimes yes, sometimes no.

3)You can do that, but you will find better jobs if you come here and get the lay of the land.

4)Yes, you will need to purchase a tourist Visa upon arrival in Qatar. This will last you 14 days before you have to pay for an extension or fly to Bharain to renew. To stay in the country for longer periods of time you will need a work or residency visa, this can be provided by your workplace or the family you are staying with. Keep in mind you will be at their whim and mercy, so you had better trust these people.

5)Are you Muslim? Than the answer is no, it is virtually impossible. You aren't Qatari, you will never be Qatari, and they will never consider you on the same plain as them.

From your profile
"And hopefully find a place...or a home...where people are not so concerned with just getting their own and being an a-hole."

No offence, but making money is the only reason to come to Qatar.

Sorry.