I would predict the end of the sponsorship system, better working conditions for labourers, and probably fewer Western and Western-trainded professional expats in key professional positions as the native populations learns to take on these roles themselves and development slows to a more manageable pace. The days of massive compounds of Western oilmen will be over. Conduct laws will likely become more liberal, although they will remain conservative. Either there will be a native backlash against these liberalizing changes, in which case so much for the World Cup, or Qataris will learn to embrace, or at least live with, the changes.

I also hope for its sake Qatar creates more rational laws about citizenship. Perhaps this will be spurred on by the hunt for talented players for the national team. Otherwise the rate of growth coupled with the decline in Qatari fertility rates will see Qataris become something of a defunct minority aristocracy rather than a truly ruling elite--i.e. Qatar will need more Qataris to run things.