Oryx is right, godfather means padrino, or wasta, you answer for somebody like in baptism or wedding, the godparents act as the second parents for the child or couple getting married.

Kabayan is "ka" and "bayan", "ka" meaning "co" or "living in the same". "Bayan" really mean "town or province or country" so "kabayan" mean countryman or barriomate or townmate!

Like "kaklase" which meant "classmate"! "Padre" connotes closeness or deep friendship!