From what you say this does sound like a visa-for-sale scam. A recruitment agency would arrange a job and a visa, not provide a visa and then tell the hapless client they are on their own. Selling visas for which the person is not eligible (i.e. a business visa for someone without a job and an employer) is illegal. It's a little trickier with buying a tourist/visit visa for the purpose of coming to Qatar with the hope of finding a job. While not strictly illegal, it is not the purpose of a tourist/visit visa. It is a huge gamble however. Those who buy these visas are at the mercy of the seller in terms of time limits and money charged. (Let me say here that is it illegal to overcharge for the price of the visa and air tickets.) Please, people, do not expose yourselves to blackmail and exploitation by buying into these schemes. You have NO legal protection if you do. You have NO recourse to the exorbitant fees you may be charged. You have NO guarantee of a job. You may have NO choice in the job you take or the salary you receive. Do not willingly be part of this evil system.
Mandi