include Omar ibn al Khattab (of course!), Muhammad Fateh and the Ottoman Sultans in general, also Harun al-Rashin, al-Mamun, and other Abbassid caliphs who had patronized the translation of Greek work and original Arabic scientific work that was passed on to Europeans.
The Enlightenment philosopher Spinoza wrote that no learned scholar in Europe at his time could be worth his salt without being fluent in Arabic.
include Omar ibn al Khattab (of course!), Muhammad Fateh and the Ottoman Sultans in general, also Harun al-Rashin, al-Mamun, and other Abbassid caliphs who had patronized the translation of Greek work and original Arabic scientific work that was passed on to Europeans.
The Enlightenment philosopher Spinoza wrote that no learned scholar in Europe at his time could be worth his salt without being fluent in Arabic.