Cigarette smoke - both that which is inhaled and second hand smoke - contains approximately 4000 different chemicals of which 50 or so are carcinogenic. Some of the carcinogenic chemicals found in cigaratte smoke include formaldehyde, cyanide, and arsenic. A recent study that measured the amount of formaldehyde in cigarette smoke stated that a single cigarrette can give off almost 0.1 mg/m3 of this specific carcingen. A pack of cigarettes would give off approximately 1.5 - 2 mg/m3. In the US, occupational exposure to formaldehyde in the work environment cannot exceed .75 mg/m3 in an 8 hour period. If a worker is exposed beyond this level then respiratory protection is required because formaldehyde is a known human carcingen. Now picture a kid stuck in the car on an eight trip with a smoker. Do the math and you can see the exposure level - he should be wearing a respirator.