if you come for a company already located in Doha , they will do all the requirements for you ( apply ) to bring you here.
you need your valid passport ( at least 6 months ) , the invitation letter ( or entry visa printed ) and attested certificates ( for the job that you come here to do )

if not and you are in the 33 countries which get visa or arrival you need to have a hotel booked for the period of your staying and the fee was 100QAR ( last time i was in Qatar ) which you'll pay by credit card. The visa is for 1 month and once you get here you need to get to the authorities and find out how to extend your stay.