Hello
You can leave Qatar without at any time, but if u left it now you will loss the resent visa you came with.

Further, you will be in need to issue a new visa to return back to Qatar.

As about the time fram for the procuder, be informed that you have been through most of it and just remaning the procedure before the Ministry of Interior, which I think will take about 10 - 15 days maximum.

Wish you all the best