Google Maps gives you a good idea of the areas:

http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=doha&ie=UTF8...

There are large shopping centres with Carrefour supermarkets attached in West Bay and on Al Waab Street.

Time Out Doha has some useful information:

http://www.timeoutdoha.com/