Question: "If me & my wife went to Qatar can my wife take my kids & would the Qatari giverment stop me from returing to The USA with my US citizen Kids?"

I am assuming the reason your asking is that you are scared that your wife might split up with you....but thats not my business.... so my answer is. . .
You said your kids are US citizen (they can not be Qatari citizens as they are not 100% qatari blood) than no one in their right mind will stop any US citizen going back home. You might not be able to get her out of Qatar but there is no way in hell the Qatar Govt will mess with US citizens who want to return back to the US.
If its so risky dont come to Qatar.
Islamic law I believe support the father.