If you are on visit VISA you cand drive as a a tourist for the duration of VISA.(usually one month)

But if you are going to change from temporary/vist Visa to RP(Residence Permit) then you have to go to the nearest Traffic Dept office with your US driving (USDL)license, as well as ID and, sponsor letter, then you are done. Now you have a Qatari Driving License (QDL). USDL are swapped automatically into QDL.

Guess that's it.

Best of luck...regards